Scapula Body and Glenoid Fossa Fractures

Overview:

Scapular fractures are rare and usually result from high-energy trauma. While most can be managed without surgery, certain fractures require surgical fixation to ensure proper healing and function.

What are Scapula and Glenoid Fossa Fractures?

• Scapula: The shoulder blade, a flat bone connecting the upper arm to the collarbone.
• Glenoid Fossa: The part of the scapula that forms the socket for the shoulder joint.

CAUSES OF SCAPULA AND GLENOID FOSSA FRACTURES:

• High-Energy Trauma: Car accidents, motorcycle crashes, or falls from height.
• Direct Impact: A heavy blow to the shoulder.

SYMPTOMS:

• Pain: Severe pain in the shoulder.
• Swelling and Bruising: Visible swelling and bruising around the shoulder.
• Limited Movement: Difficulty moving the arm.

DIAGNOSING SCAPULA AND GLENOID FOSSA FRACTURES:

• Physical Examination: Checking for pain, swelling, and deformity.
• Imaging:
  • X-rays: Standard views to see the fracture.
  • CT Scans: For detailed images, especially for surgical planning.

TYPES OF FRACTURES:

• Euler and Habermeyer Classification: Categorizes fractures based on their location and severity.

• Ideberg Classification: Focuses on glenoid fractures with various extensions.

TREATMENT OPTIONS:

1. Non-Surgical Management:
   • Suitable for most minimally displaced fractures.
   • Supportive Sling: To immobilize the arm.
   • Gradual Exercises: To restore movement and strength over 4-6 weeks.
2. Surgical Management:
   • Needed for significantly displaced or unstable fractures.
   • Surgical Techniques: Various approaches to realign and fix the bones using plates and screws.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS:

• Infection: Risk after surgery.
• Implant Issues: Problems with surgical hardware.
• Non-Union: Bone fails to heal.
• Malunion: Bone heals incorrectly.

LESSONS LEARNED:

• Thorough assessment and imaging are crucial.
• Non-surgical treatment works for most minimally displaced fractures.
• Surgery is necessary for significantly displaced or unstable fractures.
• Post-operative rehabilitation and regular follow-up are essential for optimal outcomes.